Features of textile machinery

Modern textile machinery is characterized by its processability, continuity, and completeness; high speed, high efficiency, and low maintenance; standardization, serialization, and universality; and low energy consumption, low noise, and low pollution.

Processability: In modern times, people's understanding of the structure and physical and chemical properties of fibers has deepened, leading to the creation of more and more advanced processing methods. This allows for a fuller utilization of the characteristics of fibers and fabrics. To support this development, modern textile machinery utilizes mechanical technology, electrical technology, and especially low-voltage electrical technology to create a wide variety of processing machines with diverse performance characteristics. For example, the preparation processes for industrial coated fabrics include coating, rolling, and lamination, and the machines designed accordingly have three different structures. Furthermore, synthetic fibers have a lower affinity for dyes; therefore, high-temperature (130℃), high-pressure (2.7 kg/cm²) dyeing equipment has been developed to shorten dyeing time and achieve good color fastness.

Continuity: The continuity of textile machinery is subordinate to the technological process. For example, in spinning cotton yarn of grades 20.8–27.8, the total draft ratio from cotton to yarn is 13,900–19,000 times. The process involves cleaning, carding, drawing, roving, and spinning, thus the draft must be allocated to the appropriate equipment for each process. Another example is the resin processing (see anti-wrinkle finishing): the fabric is first impregnated with resin in a padding machine, then treated at high temperature in a baking machine to allow the resin to condense between the fibers, and finally washed with soap and water in a washing machine to remove unbonded resin residue, followed by drying in a dryer. The entire process is determined by the process requirements and cannot be reversed, omitted, or combined unconditionally.

Complete Sets: The completeness of textile machinery also falls under the category of process-related aspects. For example, when configuring a complete set of machines according to the cotton spinning process flow, the order of machine types and the fixed relationship between the number of machines are all determined by the process requirements. For example, products woven by looms with a certain working radius require corresponding fabric inspection, measurement, and dyeing/finishing equipment, which also falls under the category of complete sets. Therefore, the completeness of textile machinery exists not only within a single factory but also between factories.

High Speed ​​A major development characteristic of modern textile machinery is the continuous increase in machine operating speed to achieve high output, thereby reducing the number of equipment units, shrinking factory space, saving investment and labor, and achieving greater results with less capital. The figures in Tables 1, 2, and 3 illustrate the trend towards higher speeds in textile machinery.